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By the time I got to Peru I could conjugate. I had done the exercises. I could tell you, in three tenses, what I would do if I had more time. What I could not do was buy a kilo of potatoes without going pink.
Textbook Spanish and market Spanish are different animals. The textbook gives you complete sentences. The market gives you half a sentence, a raised eyebrow and a price that moves depending on how you ask.
The first thing I learned was that ¿Cuánto cuesta? opens a door but does not walk you through it. The sentence that actually does the work is the softer one: ¿Me lo deja en…? — will you let it go for…? It is polite, it is a little playful, and it assumes a relationship rather than a transaction.